You can search for resources before choosing a topic. Searching for resources ahead of time helps you understand the context of your discipline and possible topics. You can make sure that your potential topic has fitting resources before you commit to that topic.
After you choose a topic, then you will need to search for resources that provide information on that topic. You will use the resources you found to structure your argument and to write your paper.
The suggested order is:
You can find resources by searching a database, an online journal, or Google Scholar.
A database is a collection of several journals that you can search all the same time. An online journal can be browsed or searched like a database. Google Scholar is the more scholarly version of Google. When using Google Scholar, you will get the widest variety of search returns, but it is more likely that some of your search returns will not have any full-text available (You will not be able to actually read the article).
A database is searched by creating a search query. A search query is the combination of search terms, filters, and code that you type or select before clicking the search button.
This is an example of a search in Academic Search Complete:
This is an example of a search in JSTOR:
You can turn your research question into search terms. This is a good way to make sure that you are looking for resources that relate to your paper's scope and topic.
Identify the important words or terms in your research question. These are more likely to be the nouns that you use to specify the scope of your topic.
Write out each important word/term as it appears in your research question. Next to the term, list synonyms. You can also search words that mean the same thing.
You can use our digital search term worksheet to turn your research question into search terms.
When you find an article you like, look at that article's keywords. These are the words the database attaches to the article. They are usually written underneath the article's listing in your search results.
Different databases use different keywords. By reusing the keywords that the database likes, you are learning to speak that database's "language".
Some databases will give you suggestions for search terms when you start typing in a search term textbox. You can select those suggestions if you want. Of course, you can always type out your own text to search, but these suggestions are terms that the database absolutely recognizes.
Often, the suggestions will be several terms in the same box, all separated by or. This means that the search engine will search for all those terms at once.
Always check before you select a string of terms. Some of the terms might not be equivalent for your research topic!