Scholarly articles are papers written by (usually multiple) experts in a subject and published in academic journals. The experts submit the papers they have written to be published in academic journals. These papers focus on specific topics and may be written about new research studies, case studies, reviews of previous research, or other research-related topics.
Academic journals are run by editors and published by publishing companies, universities, or professional associations. Most academic journals use a peer-review process to review articles for quality. Most academic journals have scopes, and they only publish articles that fit within the journal's scope. An academic journal that doesn't have a peer-review review process or has a very broad scope has warning signs of being low-quality.
A database is a collection of many different academic journals that can all be searched at once. Databases allow you to limit your search by certain filters, usually including by peer-review status. This is a way to feel more secure that you are being shown quality articles published in quality journals.
You can search a database by creating and submitting a search query. Based off your search query, you will get a list of articles (and other resources) as results.
Peer-reviewed articles (also known as "refereed articles") have gone through the peer review process prior to publication.
In the peer review process, the author's expert peers evaluate the quality of the article and the article's research. Very often, the author(s) will have to revise their articles and make changes before resubmitting. The publisher publishes the article only after the article has been approved by the expert reviewers.
If an article is peer-reviewed, you can be more confident in the article's quality.
There are a few different ways to check if an article is peer-reviewed. Each journal may represent the peer-review process differently.
If you search for articles in a database like Academic Search Complete, you might have the option to filter to show only peer-reviewed articles. In Academic Search Complete, this option is in the Advanced Search screen. There is a checkbox to filter to show only peer-reviewed items.
If you use a different database, or no database at all, to find articles, you will have to do the investigating yourself.
Some publisher website layouts will have peer-review process timestamps like this:
Sometimes, only the article's PDF will have these timestamps.
A database is searched by creating a search query. A search query is the combination of search terms, filters, and code that you type or select before clicking the search button.
This is an example of a search in Academic Search Complete: