Articles are published in academic journals. You can find articles by searching individual journals, or you can search inside of databases. Databases are collections of many journals that can all be searched at once.
Your access to journals and databases depends on what university's library you can use.
The exception is for open access articles and journals. These can be accessed by anyone online, no matter what university you attend.
These are some open access journals. Anyone can read these, no matter if they are part of a university or not.